Common Name: golden spaniard 
     
	
                        
                            Type: Broadleaf evergreen
                        
                        
                            Family: Apiaceae
                        
                        
                            Native Range: New Zealand
                        
                        
                            Zone: 7 to 9
                        
                        
                            Height: 2.00 to 3.00 feet
                        
                        
                            Spread: 2.00 to 3.00 feet
                        
                        
                            Bloom Time: July to August
                        
                        
                            Bloom Description: Creamy yellow
                        
                        
                            Sun: Full sun to part shade
                        
                        
                            Water: Dry to medium
                        
                        
                            Maintenance: Low
                        
                        
                                Flower: Showy
		                    
                                Leaf: Colorful, Evergreen
		                    
                                Other: Thorns
		                    
                                Tolerate: Deer, Shallow-Rocky Soil
		                    
                        
                        
                     
                    
                 
                                   
                
                    Culture
                    Best grown in well-drained, evenly moist to dry, average soils in full sun to part shade. Hardy from Zones 7 to 9. Prefers some afternoon shade in climates with hot summers. Otherwise does best in full sun. Will form clumping offsets which can be divided. Prefers neutral to slightly acidic soils.
	             
                
                    Noteworthy Characteristics
                    Aciphylla aurea, commonly called golden spaniard or golden speargrass, is an evergreen, tussock forming perennial native to dry, windswept grasslands of New Zealand at altitudes from 1,000-5,000' above sea level. Individual plants can reach 3' tall and equally as wide, with compound leaves up to 2' long made up of yellowish-green, narrow, stiff, sword-shaped leaflets. The leaflets taper to a sharp point, and this armature makes it very deer resistant. When plants are mature, a large (up to 2.5' tall), golden colored inflorescence emerges in summer from the center of the clump, armed with formidable spiky bracts. Small, creamy yellow colored flowers emerge in clusters along the inflorescence. The sturdy flowering spike may remain on the plant for up to two years.
The genus name Aciphylla comes from the Latin "acicula" meaning needle, and the Greek "phyllum" meaning leaf.
The specific epithet aurea means golden yellow.
	             
                
                    Problems
                    No known pest and disease issues. Root rot may occur in poorly-drained soils.
	             
                
                    Uses
                    Rock gardens or rocky, exposed meadows. Not recommended for use near a path, sidewalk, or driveway.